Teleportation-Based, Cavityless Frequency-Dependent Squeezing with Adaptive Wavefront Control

LIGO’s frequency-dependent squeezing via 300 m filter cavities (Ganapathy et al. 2023) has proven the concept but is ultimately limited by optical loss and thermal distortions at higher power. Nishino et al. (2024) propose a cavityless approach using quantum teleportation to achieve frequency-dependent squeezing in a detuned signal-recycled interferometer—precisely the kind of configuration envisioned in future low-frequency ET xylophone designs. We propose integrating this teleportation-based scheme with the adaptive optical technology demonstrated to extend the quantum-limited horizon (Tao et al. 2025), actively correcting wavefront distortions of both the squeezed fields and the interferometer eigenmodes. The novelty is the closed-loop co-design: (i) eliminate lossy filter cavities via teleportation-based frequency dependence; (ii) use high-speed, low-noise adaptive optics to keep the mode overlap and squeezing angle stable even above 1 MW circulating power; and (iii) benchmark against nondegenerate internal squeezing (Gardner et al. 2022) to map out the optimal configuration for kHz-band sensitivity. Informed by the squeezed-vacuum R&D at TAMA/KAGRA (Page et al. 2023), this could unlock >9 dB effective squeezing at high power with reduced technical overhead—crucial for ET/CE and A+ upgrades pushing to higher ranges and high-frequency science.

References:

1. Quantum noise enhancement for gravitational wave detectors: Status of squeezed vacuum research at TAMA and KAGRA. M. Page, M. Eisenmann, Yuhang Zhao, N. Aritomi, M. Leonardi, Y. Aso (2023). International Conference on Rebooting Computing.
2. Frequency-dependent squeezing for gravitational-wave detection through quantum teleportation. Yohei Nishino, S. Danilishin, Yutaro Enomoto, Teng Zhang (2024). Physical Review A.
3. Expanding the Quantum-Limited Gravitational-Wave Detection Horizon.. L. Tao, Mohak Bhattacharya, Peter Carney, Luis Martin Gutierrez, Luke Johnson, Shane Levin, Cynthia Liang, Xuesi Ma, Michael Padilla, T. Rosauer, A. Wilkin, Jonathan W. Richardson (2025). Physical Review Letters.
4. Nondegenerate internal squeezing: An all-optical, loss-resistant quantum technique for gravitational-wave detection. J. W. Gardner, M. Yap, V. Adya, S. Chua, B. Slagmolen, D. McClelland (2022). Physical Review D.
5. Broadband Quantum Enhancement of the LIGO Detectors with Frequency-Dependent Squeezing. D. Ganapathy, W. Jia, M. Nakano, V. Xu, N. Aritomi, T. Cullen, N. Kijbunchoo, S. Dwyer, A. Mullavey, L. McCuller, R. Abbott, I. Abouelfettouh, R. Adhikari, A. Ananyeva, S. Appert, K. Arai, S. Aston, M. Ball, S. Ballmer, D. Barker, L. Barsotti, B. Berger, J. Betzwieser, D. Bhattacharjee, G. Billingsley, S. Biscans, N. Bode, E. Bonilla, V. Bossilkov, A. Branch, A. Brooks, D. D. Brown, J. Bryant, C. Cahillane, H. Cao, E. Capote, F. Clara, J. Collins, C. Compton, R. Cottingham, D. Coyne, R. Crouch, J. Csizmazia, L. Dartez, N. Demos, E. Dohmen, J. Driggers, A. Effler, A. Ejlli, T. Etzel, M. Evans, J. Feicht, R. Frey, W. Frischhertz, P. Fritschel, V. Frolov, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, B. Gateley, J. Giaime, K. Giardina, J. Glanzer, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, A. Goodwin-Jones, S. Gras, C. Gray, D. Griffith, H. Grote, T. Guidry, E. Hall, J. Hanks, J. Hanson, M. Heintze, A. Helmling-Cornell, N. Holland, D. Hoyland, H. Y. Huang, Y. Inoue, A. L. James, A. Jennings, S. Karat, S. Karki, M. Kasprzack, K. Kawabe, P. King, J. Kissel, K. Komori, A. Kontos, R. Kumar, K. Kuns, M. Landry, B. Lantz, M. Laxen, K. Lee, M. Lesovsky, F. Llamas, M. Lormand, H. Loughlin, R. Macas, M. Macinnis, C. Makarem, B. Mannix, G. Mansell, R. Martin, K. Mason, F. Matichard, N. Mavalvala, N. Maxwell, G. McCarrol, R. Mccarthy, D. McClelland, S. Mccormick, T. McRae, F. Mera, E. Merilh, F. Meylahn, R. Mittleman, D. Moraru, G. Moreno, T. Nelson, A. Neunzert, J. Notte, J. Oberling, T. O’Hanlon, C. Osthelder, D. Ottaway, H. Overmier, W. Parker, A. Pele, H. Pham, M. Pirello, V. Quetschke, K. Ramirez, J. Reyes, J. Richardson, M. Robinson, J. Rollins, C. Romel, J. Romie, M. Ross, K. Ryan, T. Sadecki, A. Sanchez, E. Sanchez, L. Sanchez, R. Savage, D. Schaetzl, M. Schiworski, R. Schnabel, R. Schofield, E. Schwartz, D. Sellers, T. Shaffer, R. Short, D. Sigg, B. Slagmolen, C. Soike, S. Soni, V. Srivastava, L. Sun, D. Tanner, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, K. Thorne, C. Torrie, G. Traylor, A. Ubhi, G. Vajente, J. Vanosky, A. Vecchio, P. Veitch, A. Vibhute, E. von Reis, J. Warner, B. Weaver, R. Weiss, C. Whittle, B. Willke, C. Wipf, H. Yamamoto, L. Zhang, M. Zucker (2023). Physical Review X.