Real-Time Anomaly-Triggered Adaptive Observations

While Muthukrishna et al. (2021) detect anomalies in transients, and Springer et al. (2025) identify localized density anomalies, neither enables real-time response. This research would build a closed-loop system integrating anomaly detection with telescope control. For example, if EagleEye detects a CMB anomaly during a survey, it could immediately cue an exoplanet-hunting telescope (e.g., JWST) to observe that sky region for transiting exoplanets. The system would use reinforcement learning to optimize follow-up strategies, balancing anomaly significance with observation costs. This extends Dutta & Paul's (2025) ML-for-astrophysics vision by adding autonomy. Crucially, it addresses the delay between anomaly detection and follow-up identified in existing surveys like SHINE (Chomez et al. 2025), enabling rapid characterization of rare events (e.g., lensing-induced exoplanet transits).

References:

1. Detecting Localized Density Anomalies in Multivariate Data via Coin-Flip Statistics. Sebastian Springer, A. Scaffidi, Maximilian Autenrieth, Gabriella Contardo, Alessandro Laio, Roberto Trotta, H. Haario (2025). arXiv.org.
2. Deep Space Insights: Machine Learning Revolutionizing Astrophysical Discoveries. Samya Dutta, Prithwineel Paul (2025). EPJ Web of Conferences.
3. Real-time Detection of Anomalies in Multivariate Time Series of Astronomical Data. D. Muthukrishna, K. Mandel, M. Lochner, S. Webb, G. Narayan (2021). arXiv.org.
4. The SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE). IV. Complete observations, data reduction and analysis, detection performances, and final results. A. Chomez, ⋆⋆ P. Delorme, A. Lagrange, R. Gratton, O. Flasseur, G. Chauvin, M. Langlois, J. Mazoyer, A. Zurlo, S. Desidera, D. Mesa, M. Bonnefoy, M. Feldt, J. Hagelberg, M. Meyer, A. Vigan, C. Ginski, M. Kenworthy, D. Albert, S. Bergeon, J. Beuzit, B. Biller, T. Bhowmik, A. Boccaletti, M. Bonavita, W. Brandner, F. Cantalloube, A. Cheetham, V. D'Orazi, C. Dominik, C. Fontanive, R. Galicher, T. Henning, M. Janson, Q. Kral, E. Lagadec, C. Lazzoni, H. Coroller, R. Ligi, A. Maire, G. Marleau, F. Ménard, S. Messina, N. Meunier, C. Mordasini, C. Moutou, A. Müller, C. Perrot, M. Samland, H. Schmid, T. Schmidt, V. Squicciarini, E. Sissa, M. Turatto, S. Udry, L. Abe, J. Antichi, R. Asensio-Torres, A. Baruffolo, P. Baudoz, J. Baudrand, A. Bazzon, P. Blanchard, A. Bohn, S. B. Sevilla, M. Carbillet, M. Carle, E. Cascone, J. Charton, R. Claudi, A. Costille, V. D. Caprio, A. Delboulbé, K. Dohlen, N. Engler, D. Fantinel, P. Feautrier, T. Fusco, P. Gigan, J. Girard, E. Giro, D. Gisler, L. Gluck, C. Gry, N. Hubin, E. Hugot, M. Jaquet, M. Kasper, D. L. Mignant, M. Llored, F. Madec, Y. Magnard, P. Martinez, D. Maurel, O. Möller-Nilsson, D. Mouillet, T. Moulin, A. Origné, A. Pavlov, D. Perret, C. Petit, J. Pragt, P. Puget, P. Rabou, J. Ramos, E. L. Rickman, F. Rigal, S. Rochat, R. Roelfsema, G. Rousset, A. Roux, B. Salasnich, Jean-Franois Sauvage, A. Sevin, C. Soenke, E. Stadler, M. Suarez, Z. Wahhaj, L. Weber, F. Wildi (2025). Astronomy & Astrophysics.